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The 1963 Constitution on the Liturgy was the first document of the Second Vatican Council.  In this constitution, new principles were proclaimed as Church teaching, to help us to pray in the spirit of the liturgy.

God . . . when the fullness of time had come sent his Son, the Word made flesh, anointed by the Holy Spirit, to preach the Gospel to the poor, to heal the contrite of heart, to be a "bodily and spiritual medicine," the Mediator between God and man. For his humanity, united with the person of the Word, was the instrument of our salvation. (5)

Just as Christ was sent by the Father, so also he sent the apostles, filled with the Holy Spirit . . . From that time onwards the Church has never failed to come together to celebrate the paschal mystery: reading those things "which were in the scriptures concerning him" (Luke 24:27), celebrating the Eucharist in which "the victory and triumph of death are again made present," and at the same time giving thanks "to God for his unspeakable gift" (2 Cor. 9:15) in Christ Jesus, "in praise of his glory" (Eph. l:12), through the power of the Holy Spirit. (6) . . .

To accomplish so great a work, Christ is always present in his Church, especially in her liturgical celebrations.  He is present in the sacrifice of the Mass, not only in the person of his minister, "the same now offering, through the ministry of priests, who formerly offered himself on the cross," but especially under the Eucharistic species.  By his power he is present in the sacraments, so that when a man baptizes it is really Christ himself who baptizes. He is present in his word, since it is he himself who speaks when the holy scriptures are read in the Church.  He is present, lastly, when the Church prays and sings, for he promised: "Where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them" (Matt. 18:20).

Christ indeed always associates the Church with himself in this great work wherein God is perfectly glorified and men are sanctifed. The Church is his beloved Bride who calls to her Lord and through him offers worship to the Eternal Father. . .

Rightly, then, the liturgy is considered as an exercise of the priestly office of Jesus Christ. In the liturgy the sanctification of man is signified by signs perceptible to the senses and is effected in a way which corresponds to each of these signs. In the liturgy the whole public worship is performed by the mystical body of Jesus Christ, that is, by the head and his members.

From this it follows that every liturgical celebration, because it is an action of Christ the priest and of his body which is the Church, is a sacred action surpassing all others.  No other action of the Church can equal its efficacy by the same title and to the same degree. . . (7)

The liturgy is the summit towards which the activity of the Church is directed. At the same time, it is the fount from which all her power flows. For the aim and object of apostolic works is that all who are made sons and daughters of God, by faith and baptism, should come together to praise God in the midst of his Church, to take part in the sacrifice, and to eat the Lord's Supper. . . (10)

But in order that the liturgy may be able to produce its full effects, it is necessary that the faithful come to it with proper dispositions, that their minds should be attuned to their voices, and that they should cooperate with divine grace lest they receive it in vain. . .(11)

More from the Constitution on the Liturgy . . .